Probiotic formulation is a carefully mixed selection of microorganisms that are friendly to the human GI tract. The organisms in this product will help stabilize and maintain a healthy intestinal probiotic ecosystem1. *
1. Salminen, S. & Salminen, E. “Lactulose, lactic acid bacteria, intestinal microecology and mucosal protection” Scand J Gastroenterol Suppl 1997; 222: 45-8.pr
Balanced Probiotic supplementation and support constitutes good management of GI tract health and could also contribute to health beyond the digestive system. *
The common benefits of friendly bacteria include:*
Digestion of some of the food macromolecules and enhanced absorption of nutrients*
Conversion of some macromolecules into short-chain fatty acids that could be used by the enterocytes for energy and other metabolic needs*
Control of colonic pH to prevent pathogenic bacterial growth*
Utilization of ammonia generated in the GI tract and reduction of the levels that are absorbed in blood circulation, thus controlling the onset of hepatic encephalopathy*
Conversion of intestinal nitrogen into microbial protein, which could ultimately supply needed amino acids to the host*
Synthesis of various other beneficial enzymes in the GI tract*
Synthesis of various vitamins*
Synthesis of bacteriocins (endogenous bacterial antibiotics) to control proliferation of competing bacteria*
Control of the synthesis of various mutagens and oncogenic metabolites*
May assist with the diarrhea episodes that result from various bacteria or viruses*
May assist with gastroenteritis and other GI tract inflammations and disorders*
Softens stool *
Probiotic ingredients:
The value of the “friendly bacteria” normally found in the human digestive tract (such as L. plantarum, L. acidophilus, L. casei, L. salivarius, L. sporogenes, and B. longum) is of upmost importance. For instance, L. plantarum is actually used to improve the microbial safety of foods. This usage comes from their secretion of “bacteriocins” (proteins that are lethal to certain other bacteria)2. L. plantarum has also been found to pevent the movement of bacteria from the gut to other organs (e.g., liver, lymph nodes)3 in animal models. *
2. Olasupo, W.A. “Bacteriocins of Lactobacillus plantarum strains from fermented foods” Folia Microbiol 1996; 41: 130-136.
3. Adawi, D., et al. “Effect of Lactobacillus supplementation with and without arginine on liver damage and bacterial translocation in an acute liver injury model in the rat” Hepatology 1997; 25: 642-7.
Oral supplementation with L. acidophilus can enhance the body’s anti-infective mechanisms of defense4. Research has suggested how stimulation of the production of interleukin-1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha is one mechanism that shows the beneficial effects of swallowing L. acidophilus. These substances have potent cytocidal and cytostatic effects on tumor cells5.*
4. Schiffrin, E.J. et al. “Immune modulation of blood leukocytes in humans by lactic acid bacteria: criteria for strain selection” Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 66: 515S-20S.
5. Rangavajhyala, N. et al. “Nonlipopolysaccharide component(s) of Lactobacillus acidophilus stimulate(s) the production of interleukin-1 alpha and tumor necrosis factor-alpha by murine macrophages” Nutr Cancer 1997; 28: 130-4.
The mechanisms of immune support provided by B. longum have been widely studied in animal models. It has been found that B. longum stimulates the immune system by enhancing the activity of natural killer cells in the spleen of rats6 and by stimulating intestinal IgA production7.*
6. Sekine, K. et al. “Inhibition of initiation and early stage development of aberrant crypt foci and enhanced natural killer activity in male rats administered bovine lactoferin concomitantly with azoxymethane” Cancer Lett 1997; 121: 211-6.
7. Takahashi, T. et al. “Effects of orally ingested Bifidobacterium longum on the mucosal IgA response of mice to dietary antigens” Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 1998; 62: 10-15.
The immunostimulatory effect of L. casei has been demonstrated in human subjects. These beneficial bacteria promote the immunological barrier of the gut by the intestinal secretion of IgA.*
L. sporogenes is a very resilient organism. It can sustain various conditions of the GI tract and can also help to control pathogenic organisms. This bacteria is readily activated by gastric acid and then migrates down the GI tract, producing lactic acid and various bacteriocins.*
L. salivarius is a very resilient and highly prolific bacteria. Its actions reduce the production of toxic amines. These organisms produce highly active proteolytic enzymes that enhance the hydrolysis of proteinaceous compounds in the colon.*
TPPTM Probiotic also contains lactoferrin, which is currently the object of considerable study. Lactoferrin has been shown to be an effective antibacterial agent. It is even found in tears, where it serves as one component of the outer eye’s defense8. Supplementation with lactoferrin has been found to inhibit bacterial translocation from the digestive tract to other organs and systems. This is probably due to its suppression of bacterial overgrowth9.*
8. McClellan, K.A. “Mucosal defense of the outer eye” Surv Ophthalmol 1997; 42: 233-46.
9. Teraguchi, S. et al. “Orally administered bovine lactoferrin inhibits bacterial translocation in mice fed bovine milk” Appl Environ Microbiol 1995; 61: 4131-4.
Jerusalem Artichoke is rich in inulin, which is a polymer of fructose (also called fructooligosaccharides (FOS). It has been shown how FOS can serve as a source of effective nutrients for intestinal probiotic bacteria. This activity is sometimes called ‘prebiotic’ because normal human digestive enzymes are unable to digest FOS, and so it therefore passes in its whole state into the colon, where it becomes available as a nutrient to “friendly” bacteria10.*
* These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease.10. Roberfroid, M.B. “Health benefits of non-digestible oligosaccharides” Adv Exp Med Biol 1997; 427: 211-9.
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